Speed-changing mechanism.



(823,487. IPATENTED JUNE 12; 1906. c. 0. WILLIAMS. SPEED CHANGING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.16, 1904.

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,ithe remaining part partly in transverse sec contemplatedapplying that principle-so as to ism ciubodyingtho invention, such disclosed chanical forms in which the principle of the sents a device embodying my invention with elevation.

mm) s ra rres CHARLE (J. WILLIAMS. OF CLEVELAN ra rssroireicn D, OHIO, ASSIGNUR. BY DIRECT MESNE ASSIGNMENTS. OF ONE-I'LXLF TU GEORGE E. IIARBALKJH AND To all lc/mm if may I'OIMN'I'IL. t

Be it known that I, (name L. WiLLIAMs, a. citizen'of. the. iiiffll States, and a resident of Cleveland, county of ffuyahoga, and State of 1 .Ohio, have invented a new and useful im- 5 provement in Speethth-anging L\lcchan isms, of which the following is a specification, the 7 principle of the invention being herein explaincd and the best mode in which I have distinguish it from other inventions.

My invention relates to means for reducing the. speed of a revolving element concurrently with an increase of tort ue exerted thereby.

Said invention has for its object the con summation of such described result in an-eflicient and economical manner; and itt-c0nsists of means hereinafter fully described, andparticularly set forth in the claim.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail certain mechanineans constituting but one of various meiuvention may be used.

in said annexed drawings, Figure 1 reprethe'outer cover-plate removed and showing tion. Fig. 2 represents an clevational view of a part of such covcr-plate. Fig. I; represents an axial section of such device, parts I out by the plane of section being shown in Fig. 4 represents a detail section taken upon the plane indicated by line 4 4 in Fig. 3.

The mechanism consists of four general part.s--viz., the main or body portion A, the cover-plate B, the driving-shaft. (1, and the driven shaft .l) and coi'iperating with such general parts are certain valves and pistons hereinafter fully described.

The main or body portion A consists of a t cylindrical cup-shaped structure, which is provided upon its interior with two pairs of c 'lindcrs a a and c at, Figs. 1 and 3, open at t ieir inner ends. As shown in Fig. 3, the cylinders a a have their axes located in the same straight; line intersecting the axis of the structure, and the axes of cylinders a a bear a similar relation to one another, the intersocting line, however, lying in a. separate plane perpendicular to the structures axis.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed January 16,1904. Serial No. 189.323.

ONEJIALF 'lf) WEBSTER F. 'lR.-Uv"ES, OF CLEYEIAND, ()Iilt).

G MECHANESM.

Patented June 12, 1908.

These cylinders are located from each other an angular distance of ninety degrees. pair of cylinders has operating, respectively, therein two pistons (1 I1 and o (1 each pair being connected by :1 scotch yoke a and (1- respectively, the guide-surfaces f such yokcs being located at right angles relatively to each other, as shown in Fig. I. These guiding-surfaces form guides for a common crosshead (1, whose center is formed with a beariug for the wrist-pin (i of a crank rl', formed on'the crank or driven shaft D. The axis of said shaft is coincident with the axis of the structure. It will therefore be seen that should the mainpr body portion A be rotated while the shaft. 1) is stationary the pistons would be simultaneously reciprocated in their respective cylinders, said pistons occu pying the same position in their respective strokes relatively to the c linders in succession--that is, the istons will successively reach the outer or the inner ends of their respective strokes.

llstablish'ing communication between the. interior of each cylinder and the interior of member A is a port (I7, passage through which is controlled by a. plunger-valve a, seated in a suitable chamber 1", said valve being capable of varying the port-opening from Zero to the maximium or complete opening Each such valve is provided wi t a stem (1, which passes through the side or said member, a suitable gland 1i and pack ing being provided, as shown.

-'lhe cover-plate B is bolted over the o ening of member A, the adjacent ends of the valve-stems passing through such plat'h. suitable glands/1 and packing being provided to render the joints so formed water-tight The entrance of shaft. 1i) through member A is also provided with a suitable gland t/ and packing therefor. The entire outer structure above des ribed hence forms a watertight interior chamber or reservoir E, inclosing the crank 1/ and pistons connected thereto. The. plate B has formed n its ccntrai. portion an opening I) of rectangular crosssection, in which is titted the end of the driving-shaft C. The ends of the 't'alvrvstems are all eminectcd to a. conunon spider i which isarranged to slide upon a bearing a, formed upon aeentral hub a, integralwith the part A. The va lve st em ends are thrcad- A N D Each ed into the ends of their respective spider-- i motion of the cylinders and istons; The arms, are slotted to allow them to be turned by a screw-driver, and provided with a locknut a for fixing their positions relatively to the said spider. Such construction allows the valves to be adjusted in their chambers, as will readil be understood. The s ider is provided wit a hub f, plll'ovided wit a cir- 'ch maybe engaged during-rotation b suitable manually-o erated means (not s own) and so be cause to s multaneously move the valves to open their respective ports. The entire interior of the chamber E and cylinders a a is filled with a light lubricating-oil.

The device 0 erates as follows: Let it be assumed that t e driving-shaft C is being vide a full opening of the cylinder-ports, and" cglinders and upon the pistons.

driven and the'valves are set, so as to prohence a free passage of oil into and out of the cylinders, and that such orts are of a crosssectional area such that t e o eration of the pistons in theirrespective c'y 'nders will exert only a small amount of pressure upon the pistons heads. Such beingthe case, the rotation of thedriving-shaft C would allow of such piston operation and a concurrent state 'of rest on the part of the shaft D. It will be understood that such operation involves a state of rest on the part of the pistons relatively to the earth; but these pistons are, however, on account of the eccentricity of the location of the cross-head placed in a state-of reciprocation relatively to their respective cylinders, during which oil is pumped into and'out of-the cylinders from and IIItO the chamber E, and so alternately dis laced therefrom'and replaced. Now let it e assumed' that the valves are moved to restrict the port-o enings. In such case there will immediate y result a state of pressure in the Since all of t e cylinders arein communication with the interior of the chamber, such pressure is communicatedthrouhout the latter equally in all'directions. he-piston-surface a ainst which the pressure is exerted-inward y toj wardthe' axis of the device-that is, the pis tongarea witlfinthe cylindersbeing 1n area thanthe piston-surface receivin a pressure in',the opposite direction, the u ti v mate result will be a retarding of the relative eater,

amount of such retardation w' l of course be :directly proportionate to the ressiire, and

means an actual movement of the crank-' shaft. Such movement hence takes place and the crank-shaft is caused to revolve under such conditions in the same direction as does thedriving-shaft and/ at'a speed de endent u on the port area and load upon suc cranks aft. Assuming that the load remains the same, it will be seen that the said shaft D may be rotated at" speeds varying from zero ter speed is attai ports must be ('20 letely closed, or substan tially so. In such latter case it will be seen that the two rotary parts are locked to one another, since no expulsion or suction of oil,

to that of the driving-shaft. When the lat-,. I

ed it will he seen that the and hence no relative movement of the pisstons and their res ective cylinders, is allowed to take v lace. acts as a c utch when the valves are moved to confipletely close the ports.

aving described my invention in detail,

that which I particularly point out and dis-"8o tinctly claim is- In speed-changing mechanism, the combination of two rotatable members; a liquidreservoir connected with one of said mem- :erate'd means adapted to control the amount of liquid flow between said reservoir and said pump-cylinders. L

Signed by me this 9th day-of January, 1904.

' I oHARLE o. WILLIAMS.- Attest: r Y

A. E. MEREEL, G. W. SAYwEtL. I

he, mechanism therefore 

